FORM TWO CIVICS SIMPLIFIED NOTES
Studying notes/Civics Form Two
TOPIC 1: PROMOTION OF LIFE SKILLS
Problem: is a something which is difficult to deal with or to understand and is usually need quickly answer or solution or to be solved.
Social problem: are the difficulties that affecting the communities and they usually bring a oit many negative consequences.
What are the examples of Social problems in our communities;
Violence, drug abuse, conflict, Hiv/Aids, povert, corruption, poor housing, and inadequate health care.
SOCIAL PROBLEM SOLVING TECHNIQUES
Social problem solving: is the way of trying to find solution for ending the problem in the society. These are the way that a person or community deals with difficult solution. They involve analyzing a problem to determine the best way of reading or ending it.
Exercise
1. Analyse six important steps involving in peace keeping in the society.
2. Explain six consequences which resulted from failure to apply problem solving skills in society.
TOPIC 2: THE GOVERNMENT OF TANZANIA
Let discuss about Democratic government .
What is Democratic government?
Democratic government: is a form of government whose political powers determined by popular elections. It takes into consideration the consent of people in decision making and also acquires its legitimacy from the people through free and fair elections. Example of democratic government are government of Tanzania,Kenya and USA. Normally democratic government has the following characteristics ;-
i) Presence of rule of law
ii) Presence of free and fair election
iii) Existence of citizen participation
iv) Presence of observation of human right.
Exercise
1. Analyse six attributes of non democratic government
2. Explain the characteristics of democratic government.
IMPORTANCES OF GOVERNMENT
1. It help to provides social services to citizens like health care, education and safe water.
2. it helps to constructs and maintain infrastructure like roads, schools, buildimgs and hospitals.
3. It helps to promotes peace and security in the country.
4. Government initiates and maintains relationship with other countries.
5. The Government collects revenue for the development of the country.
6. It help to formulate good development policies.
7. It help to promote and protect human rights.
THE VILLAGE ASSEMBLY
The village assembly; is the supreme authority on all matters of general policy making in relation to the affairs of the village, and as such it is responsible for the election of the village council and its removal from office. The Village Assembly meets once in every three months and may hold an extraordinary meeting whenever there is an urgent issue to be resolved. It is consists the entire adult population living in the village. The head of the assembly is village chairperson who is elected by the village assembly.
Functions of Village Assembly
1. To receive and deliberate on implementation reports submitted by the village council.
2. To receive and deliberate on revenue and expenditure reports since the last meeting.
3. To receive and take note of directives from higher government levels.
4. To receive and deliberate on by-laws proposed by the village council.
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TOPIC 1: PROMOTION OF LIFE SKILLS
Problem: is a something which is difficult to deal with or to understand and is usually need quickly answer or solution or to be solved.
Social problem: are the difficulties that affecting the communities and they usually bring a oit many negative consequences.
What are the examples of Social problems in our communities;
Violence, drug abuse, conflict, Hiv/Aids, povert, corruption, poor housing, and inadequate health care.
SOCIAL PROBLEM SOLVING TECHNIQUES
Social problem solving: is the way of trying to find solution for ending the problem in the society. These are the way that a person or community deals with difficult solution. They involve analyzing a problem to determine the best way of reading or ending it.
Exercise
1. Analyse six important steps involving in peace keeping in the society.
2. Explain six consequences which resulted from failure to apply problem solving skills in society.
TOPIC 2: THE GOVERNMENT OF TANZANIA
Let discuss about Democratic government .
What is Democratic government?
Democratic government: is a form of government whose political powers determined by popular elections. It takes into consideration the consent of people in decision making and also acquires its legitimacy from the people through free and fair elections. Example of democratic government are government of Tanzania,Kenya and USA. Normally democratic government has the following characteristics ;-
i) Presence of rule of law
ii) Presence of free and fair election
iii) Existence of citizen participation
iv) Presence of observation of human right.
Exercise
1. Analyse six attributes of non democratic government
2. Explain the characteristics of democratic government.
IMPORTANCES OF GOVERNMENT
1. It help to provides social services to citizens like health care, education and safe water.
2. it helps to constructs and maintain infrastructure like roads, schools, buildimgs and hospitals.
3. It helps to promotes peace and security in the country.
4. Government initiates and maintains relationship with other countries.
5. The Government collects revenue for the development of the country.
6. It help to formulate good development policies.
7. It help to promote and protect human rights.
THE VILLAGE ASSEMBLY
The village assembly; is the supreme authority on all matters of general policy making in relation to the affairs of the village, and as such it is responsible for the election of the village council and its removal from office. The Village Assembly meets once in every three months and may hold an extraordinary meeting whenever there is an urgent issue to be resolved. It is consists the entire adult population living in the village. The head of the assembly is village chairperson who is elected by the village assembly.
Functions of Village Assembly
1. To receive and deliberate on implementation reports submitted by the village council.
2. To receive and deliberate on revenue and expenditure reports since the last meeting.
3. To receive and take note of directives from higher government levels.
4. To receive and deliberate on by-laws proposed by the village council.
FUNCTIONS OF LOCAL GOVERNMENT
Local government are expected to perform various functions and duties which can be grouped into major categories. These are mandatory and permissive duties.
Mandatory function and duties of local government.
Mandatory duties of local government;- are those function and duties which are to be performed by a local government without question as required by law of the country. The central government requires local government to perform such duties and the local governments have no choice except to discharge such duties are required. Therefore these are;-
1. To maintain peace, order and good governance.
2. To promote economic welfare and social well-being of all persons.
3. To formulate coordination and supervising of the implementation of all plans for economic, industrial and social development in the area of jurisdiction.
4. To monitor and control the performance of tge duties and function of the council and its officers and staff.
5. To ensure the collection and utilization of the revenues of the council.
6. Making by laws for the implementation of national and local policies.
7. Regulating and monitoring the collection and utilization of revenue of village council and township authorities.
Permissive Functions
Permissive functions;- are those which the local government may perform depending upon needs and availability of financial resource. Such functions are the following;
1. To control method of husbandry on agricultural land
2. To establish, maintenance, operation and control of drainage and sewage works.
3. Building, equipping and letting shops and dwelling houses.
4. Charging fees for services and licenses. For instance, taxes on goods and services such as crop cess, forest cess, hunting license, fees,business and professional license.
5. Building and maintaining health centers and primary as well as secondary schools.
Civics Subject nowdays its Performance increaseing day to day this is because of better interaction between civics teachers and their students to make sure that they like the subject like other subjects such as History, Geography, Kiswahili, English, Mathematics, Biology, Chemistry, and Physics.
